Multi-gene Families Phylogenomic Analysis

Human multigene families whose members are dispersed into two or more human chromosomes were identified by scanning the human genome sequence maps available at Ensembl and UCSC genome browsers (Hubbard et al, 2002). The closest putative orthologous sequnce of the human protein in other species were obtained using BLASTP in Ensembl  genome browsers (Hubbard et al, 2002). To enrich those gene families with sequences from those organisms for which sequence information was not available at Ensembl , a BLASTP (Altschul et al, 1990) search was carried out against the protein database available at the national center for biotechnology information (Johnson et al, 2008) and the Joint  Genome Institute.


The phylogenetic analysis for each gene family were performed using MEGA version 5 (Kumar et al, 2008). Amino acid sequence were aligned using a multiple sequence alignment tool CLUSTAL W with default parameters (Thompson et al, 1994) Phylogenetic trees for each gene family were reconstructed using the neighbor joining-NJ method (Russo et al, 1996; saitou and nei, 1987), the complete deletion option was used to execute any site which postulated a gap in the sequence. Uncorrected proportion (p) of amino acid differences and poison corrected (PC) amino acid distance were used as amino acid substitution models. Since both methodologies produce similar results, only the results from NJ tree based on uncorrected p-distance are presented in this database. The authenticity of the resulting tree topologies were confirmed by performing bootstrap method (at 1000 pseudoreplicates) which generated the bootstrap probability for each interior branch in the tree (Felsenstein, 1995). The sequence that were too diverged, disrupting the entire alignment were excluded. To estimate phylogenetic trees using a different reconstruction method. Maximum likelihood procedure based on the whelan and Goldman (WAG) model of amino acid replacement was employed (whelan and Goldman, 2001), using MEGA 5 program.


Homo sapiens (Human), Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee), Gorilla gorilla (Gorilla), Pongo abelii (Orangutan), Macaca mulatta (Macaque), Callithrix jacchus (Marmoset), Otolemur garnettii (Bush baby), Mus musculus (Mouse), Rattus norvegicus (Rat), Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit),  Canis familiaris (Dog), Felis catus (Cat), Bos Taurus (Cow), Equus caballus (Horse), Loxodonta Africana (Elephant), Dasypus novemcinctus (Armadillo), Myotis lucifugus (Microbat), Pteropus vampyrus (Megabat), Monodelphis domestica (Opossum), Erinaceus europaeus (Hedgehog), Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Platypus), Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur), Orcinus orca (killer whale), Gallus gallus (Chicken), Taeniopygia guttata (Zebra Finch), Anolis carolinensis (Anole lizard), ophiophagus Hannah (King cobra), Pelodiscus sinensis(Chinese softshell turtle), Xenopus tropicalis (Xenopus), Danio rerio (Zebrafish), Takifugu rubripes (Fugu), Tetraodon nigroviridis (Tetraodon), Gasterosteus aculeatus (Stickleback), Oryzias latipes (Medaka), Lepisosteus oculatus (Spotted gar), Petromyzon marinus (Lamprey), latimeria chalumnae (coelacanth), Callorhynchus milii (Elephant Shark), Ciona intestinalis (C.intestinalis), Ciona savignyi (C.savignyi), Branchiostoma floridae (Florida lancelet), Saccoglossus kowalevskii, Ptychodera flava, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin), Drosophila melanogaster (Fruitfly), Apis mellifera (honey bee), Anopheles gambiae African (malaria mosquito), Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), Capitella teleta (Capitella ), helobdella robusta (Californian leech), Octopus bimaculoides (Octopus), lottia gigantea (owl limpet), Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster), Nematostella vectensis (starlet sea anemone), Hydra magnipapillata (fresh-water polyp), macrostomum lignano, Trichoplax adhaerens (Trichoplax ), Amphimedon queenslandica Reniera (sponge), Patinopecten yessoensis (yesso scallop), Eisenia fetida (redworm).